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obj=document.getElementById("artview_content"); obj.style.fontSize=size+"px"; } </script> <div class="artview" >  <div class="mod_toolbar" id="tb_mb_article1" style="display: none; height: 28px; position: absolute; right: 2px; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(247, 182, 75); width: 70px;"> <a onclick="alert('您沒有這個操作的權限！');return false;" title="內容編輯" href="#"><img border="0" alt="內容編輯" src="images/edit_content.gif"> 內容編輯</a> </div>  <div class="artview_title">公司動態</div> <h3 align="center">古籍善本的保存保護</h3> <div class="artview_info">發布時間: 2017-09-28 14:42 2540 次瀏覽</div>  <div id="artview_content"><p> 古籍善本作為保存、傳承古代文化的重要載體,歷來以它極高的文獻收藏價值和使用價值而備受重視。隨著歷史的綿延,歲月的流逝,古籍歷盡滄桑,彌足珍貴。因此，我們要科學、妥善地保藏古籍,****限度地延長其壽命,一般而言,古籍的保藏,是指在一定的時間、環境條件下, 對古籍進行安全的保存與收藏。影響古籍保藏的因素有很多, 除了古籍的紙墨質量和自身老化、衰變等不可抗拒的內在因素之外, 主要還有火災、水災、蟲災等自然侵害以及戰亂、焚書、偷盜、污損等人為破壞。 </p> <p> 　　完善的典藏管理是古籍保存保護的重要方面，其要求是******善本特藏的****安全，藏品萬無一失。 </p> <p> 　　為貫徹落實國家對古籍保護的方略，青島市圖書館在全國******創建的古籍保護新模式“寄存模式”，受到文化部“全國古籍保護試點工作督導組”專家的廣泛關注，其具體做法已被專家組命名為“青島寄存模式”。 </p> <p> 　　良好的裝置設備 </p> <p> 　　為了更好的收存古籍善本，需要配置名貴防蛀木材的書柜和精美的書盒書套來存放。古籍的裝具有很多種，從形式上分，有書帙、書函、書套、夾板、書柜等；從材質上分，有石制、木制、絲織品類、棉類等。具體的種類形式更是變化多樣，琳瑯滿目。這要根據收藏者的具體情況來選擇。制作考究的裝具本身***是一件精美的藝術品。同時要創造良好的室內環境，古籍善本作為特殊的紙張和裝幀，樟木箱柜是****設備。其次，存放位置要通風、干燥、避光。像青島市圖書館存放古籍善本***是專門制作的樟木箱柜，效果很好。 </p> <p> 　　防灰塵 </p> <p> 　　灰塵是古籍日常保藏的主要“敵人”。目前, 我國城市空氣污染比較嚴重, 懸浮于空氣中的塵埃含有各種氧化物、水分、無機電解質以及腐殖質、微生物等物質，它們隨空氣進入古籍室內, 粘附于古籍的函套、紙張上,我們手上的汗漬、皮脂、油漬也都屬于塵埃。輕者使字跡模糊或脫落,影響古籍的閱讀;重者使紙張變質、腐蝕、加速老化，無法利用。 </p> <p> 　　理論和實踐都告訴我們,千萬不能小視身邊這無孔不入、司空見慣的塵埃。已受到塵埃沾染與損害的古籍,很難得以修復。由于古籍產生的年代相對久遠,紙張老化比較嚴重,十分脆弱,根本經不起任何非專業處理形式的折騰。因此,為了避免更多的損害,使古籍得以長期保存,必須采取有效的防塵、除塵措施。****, 要防止進塵。應密封古籍柜的門,有條件的可考慮雙層密封,以減少室內外塵埃的侵入。******,要防止產塵。收藏者應盡量減少對古籍的翻動、搬運和自身不必要的走動。翻閱時要帶上干凈的手套。以****限度地降低由人帶來的塵埃量。第三,要及時排塵。應選擇干燥的季節，采取濕掃的方法,打掃書箱柜,要用吸塵器來清除室內、書柜架的塵埃,用軟毛刷清潔古籍表面的塵埃,以改善古籍的外觀,延長古籍的壽命。 </p> <p> 　　防潮濕、高溫和強光 </p> <p> 　　防潮是古籍保藏的基本要求之一。特別是在青島及沿海地區，由于海洋氣候的影響，潮濕度是****的危害因素。因紙張是由眾多纖維素交錯而成的,它可以隨環境的濕度變化而吸潮或脫濕，導致古籍紙張面積的增大和收縮，發生“波浪邊”或“緊邊”的形變。同時，潮濕還為霉菌、害蟲的繁殖生長創造了條件。 </p> <p> 　　高溫對古籍的損害是顯而易見的。室內的高溫一般指30℃以上,長時間的高溫可使紙張發生熱感應,導致水分過分散失,紙張纖維內部結構受損,于是變硬、變脆,易于斷裂,會加速老化進程,影響古籍的耐久使用。 </p> <p> 　　強光對古籍的紙張是十分有害的。由纖維素、半纖維素和木質素三大物質構成的紙張,遇到強光后會產生氧化反應,引起紙張返黃、變脆。從而加速老化。 </p> <p> 　　因此，調控好存放古籍室的濕度、溫度及避光是古籍保藏的主要手段。有資料表明,如果室內溫度控制在14℃～ 24℃、相對濕度控制在45%～60% 的話,可以有效地限制紙張的質變,防止霉變和害蟲的侵害,較低的溫度可以減緩紙張的老化速度。 </p> <p> 　　要防止強光,古籍室應選擇毛玻璃或花紋玻璃及百葉窗簾或厚窗簾, 以避免陽光直射，照明應選擇像白熾燈那樣安全性較好的人造光源,以防強光對古籍的損壞。 </p> <p> 　　一般來講，采取密閉、通風及祛濕、吸潮、降溫、增溫相結合的方法,并輔之以空調、加濕器和干燥劑等手段,來調控藏室的溫度和濕度。實踐證明,這些方法和手段都是行之有效的。十分有利于古籍的保藏。 </p> <p> 　　防霉、蟲鼠害 </p> <p> 　　霉變、蟲鼠害是古籍的大敵。霉菌和蟲卵在炎熱潮濕的環境下, 可以迅速繁殖生長。如果達到一定的群體水平便會損害紙張的纖維素,對古籍造成破壞。危害紙張的害蟲主要有毛衣魚、檔案竊蠹和煙草甲三種。它們可以在古籍上蛀蝕成條狀或樹枝狀的蟲道,如再加上老鼠的侵害，會使古籍損頁缺字少詞,妨礙閱讀,影響美觀。應當說,古籍的老化是一個漸變過程,而霉變、蟲鼠害則可能是突發性的,非?？膳?。目前防霉、治蟲鼠的技術,較為理想******的技術主要有香葉醇徐放劑防霉技術、環氧乙烷熏蒸滅菌技術以及低溫冷凍殺蟲技術等。傳統的防蟲措施，如靈香草、云香、樟腦等防蟲是不錯的選擇。同時在存放古籍善本箱柜附近，不要放置食物或紡織品等，以防老鼠和蟑螂。在古籍保藏實踐中,應謹慎地選擇使用各種防霉治蟲鼠技術,充分考慮可能產生的副作用或其他損害后果,從而確保古籍得到安全、妥善的保藏。桂林圖書館經過三十多年的實踐，采用植物性天然藥草——廣西金秀大瑤山特產的靈香草放置書柜中驅蟲，無毒無害，其味芳香馥郁，香味經久不散，能防蛀散濕，驅蟲避蠹，用于保存古籍，效果很好。 </p> <p> 　　防火、防水 </p> <p> 　　火災、水災是古籍保藏的****威脅?；馂?、水災往往突如其來，令藏書者猝不及防。一旦發生,損失難以估量。據資料統計，自宋至近代有23家私藏毀于水災。歷******的絳云樓之炬、武英殿之災,無不令人痛惜之至。書遭火災、水害，難以復原。 </p> <p> 　　今天,盡管我們保存古籍善本的條件和防范措施比古代的要******，但仍不可放松警惕,對任何引火之物切不可掉以輕心。要嚴禁在古籍善本室內放置易燃物品,禁止吸煙。要注意電器設備的安全使用,經常檢查室內線路,防止漏電起火現象的發生。 </p> <p> 　　此外,還應未雨綢繆,專門為古籍善本室安置家用滅火器和有效的防火、滅火設施。水對古籍的威脅不言自明。即使是輕度的侵害,也會使古籍發生卷曲、褶皺等形變, 難以恢復原狀,造成使用上的不便。因此, 應注意保持古籍善本室周圍水道的暢通無阻, 發生積水要及時疏通, 房屋漏水需盡早修理, 以防患于未然。 </p> <p> 　　王紅玲張藜 </p></div> <div class="blankbar1"></div> </div> <table> <tr><td align="left" height="50" width="800"></td></tr> <tr><td 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